In
telecommunications,
4G is the fourth generation of
cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the
3G and
2G families of standards. In 2008, the
ITU-R organization specified the
IMT-Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100
Mbit/s for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1
Gbit/s for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).
[1]A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-
IP based
mobile broadband solution to laptop computer
wireless modems,
smartphones, and other mobile devices.
Facilities such as
ultra-broadband Internet access,
IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.
Pre-4G technologies such as
mobile WiMAX and first-release
Long term evolution (LTE) have been on the market since 2006
[2] and 2009
[3][4][5] respectively, and are often branded as 4G in marketing materials. The current versions of these technologies did not fulfill the original
ITU-R requirements of data rates approximately up to 1 Gbit/s for 4G systems.
IMT-Advanced compliant versions of the above two standards are under development and called “
LTE Advanced” and “
WirelessMAN-Advanced” respectively. ITU has decided that “LTE Advanced” and “WirelessMAN-Advanced” should be accorded the official designation of IMT-Advanced. On December 6, 2010, ITU announced that current versions of LTE, WiMax and other evolved 3G technologies that do not fulfill "IMT-Advanced" requirements could be considered "4G", provided they represent forerunners to IMT-Advanced and "a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed."
[6]